The electric car was first invented in the USA and Scotland in 1834. Furthermore, the traction motor should have the initial force to overcome the resistance force induced at the starting movement. The traction motors need strongly two important parameters to recognize their performance: high starting torque and acceleration. In addition to that, the electric machine motors such as DC motors, induction motors, and three-phase synchronous motors have witnessed effective process in material and electromagnets aided to increase their efficiency. The great developments in power electronic inverters which are used as a main controller inside the electric cars have given a step frontward. In spite of that, there are three difficulties that face the evaluation of the electric cars: long time of charging, cost of batteries, and limited driving ranges. The design is subjected to real electrical and mechanical engineering tests alongside using decades of applied equations on locomotives and electric vehicles to validate the experimental tests.Įlectric cars as many people have seen have acquired a great significance because it is an alternative future way for transmission due their features. The steady-state speed reached more than 40 km/h with a total load of more than 125 kg. The vehicle was tested in the province of Diyala, Baquba, Iraq, on a flat and tilted land (Al Mafraq Bridge, Baquba city). The third control is to regulate the accessories of another electric vehicle. The second control is to convert solar radiation into electrical energy to be stored in the batteries. The first control is electric battery charger. In addition, three kinds of electronic devices are used for control. The third method is the mechanical energy by using the bicycle pedal to move the wheels of the car it is useful in the event of a sudden interruption of electrical power or a technical failure in the vehicle. The solar panel is fixed on the vehicle’s roof it has a power of 100 watts. The second method is to take advantage of the solar energy which is almost available in Iraq environment throughout the year to be stored in the batteries, especially during the shutdown of the machine and when it stops it under the sun.
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The first method is using a 220 volt AC electric power to charge five series batteries each battery has 12 VDC (35 A/h) to supply totally 60 VDC input voltage for the electronic inverter which converts 60 VDC to 60 VAC (three-phase voltage) as a controllable voltage source to three-phase synchronous motor (SM) type (BLDC-YG1-ZZ-1200 W). In the current research, a modern hybrid car is designed and manufactured in three ways.
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Electric power is widely used in electric traction for many reasons: it is easy to control the speed of an electric motor, the absence of exhaust gases, free of noise, it has high starting torque, and it needs less maintenance than its mechanical counterpart.
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